Introduction
Peddling through the streets in developing countries is another area of interest the researchers will love to explore (Olutunde, 2013; Ugochukwu et al., 2012) due to the socio-economic and negative health effects that can results from this by those who involved in it. (Amoo et al., 2012; Esin et al., 2005; Ashimolowo et al., 2010). Developing countries are faced with exponential growth giving rise to rural-urban drift in search of a better means of livelihood (Hoyamo and Keenan, 2007). peddling through the street no matter the age or sex, is associated with major hazards like sexual harassment of all forms that makes them to be more susceptible to sexually transmitted infections, undesirable pregnancies and dangerous abortion (Lee, 2004; Lu, 2011; Kwankye et al., 2007).
Other hazards include physical assaults, mobbing, involvement in road traffic accidents, kidnapping and ritual killings. Street hawking leads to increased exposure to antisocial activities like smoking, drug and alcohol abuse, cultism, and crime (Ugochukwu et al., 2012; Amoo et al., 2012; Esin et al., 2005; Ashimolowo et al., 2010; Hoyamo and Keenan, 2007; Ekpenyong and Nkereuwuem, 2011). The occurrence of peddling through the streets in Nigeria are associated with increased rates of unemployment, poverty, financial incapability, peer influence, extensive family size and inadequate parental care (Fawole et al., 2003). Poverty has been identified as the main reasons why people engaged in peddling through the streets (Onuzulike, 2007).
Street peddling disfigures the environment with littering by those who are involved in buying and selling during peddling activities (Kwankye et al., 2007). This also leads to environmental pollution, blocking of drainage causing flooding and breeding places for diseases causing organisms. The health of those who resides within these areas are susceptible to all sort of communicable diseases like dysentery, cholera etc. There is a possibility of physical injuries when they go about carrying their commodities from one place to another and activities of street peddlers can also lead to traffic congestions as they occupy most of highways (Amoo et al., 2012). Physical, psychological, economic, and social effects are some of the effects of sexual harassment to the person involved, family and society. Sexual harassment predisposes the street peddlers to rape, early and unwanted pregnancy, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress and disorder, public assaults, decreased productivity. (ILO,2010).
Methods
The study was conducted in Ede North Township. Ede is one of Local Government Area in Osun State situated in south – west part of Nigeria and speaks Yoruba language. It is known as one of ancient towns of Yoruba people. Ninety percent of population in Ede are Muslim. Ede is well known as land of hospitality.
Study population:
The study population comprises of hawkers in Ede Township in Ede, Osun State. The respondents numbering fifty (50) were reached through questionnaire among Hawkers Residing in Ede Township in Osun State, Nigeria.
Study design and sampling:
This was a cross – sectional descriptive study. A systematic sampling method was utilized in selecting respondents from Ede Township in Osun, Nigeria.
Data collection methods:
Questionnaire was used to collect data from the sample of population. 50 hawkers were sampled and administered questionnaires to. The questionnaire comprised of questions on Socio – Demographic information, offensive attention/behaviours experienced by hawkers and attitudes of hawkers towards sexual harassment.
Data analysis:
The results of respondents were analyzed using Statistical Package for Service Solutions (SPSS) Ver.23 and was presented using tables, charts, means and simple percentages.
Ethical consideration:
Letter of introduction was sought from Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede. Approval to conduct research in community was also sought from Ede North Local Government Authority. Permission was obtained from respondents before administering questionnaire and confidentiality of all respondents was ensured.
Results
SECTION A: Socio – Demographic Characteristics of the respondents (n=50)
Variables | Observable variables | Frequency (%) |
---|---|---|
Age (Years) | 11 – 15 | 18 (36%) |
16 – 20 | 21 (42%) | |
21 – 25 | 4 (8%) | |
26 and above | 7 (14%) | |
Sex | Male | 12 (24%) |
Female | 38 (76%) | |
Religion | Christianity | 8 (16%) |
Islam | 42 (84%) | |
Tribe | Yoruba | 49 (98%) |
Hausa | 1 (2%) | |
Marital Status | Single | 39 (78%) |
Married | 11 (22%) | |
Occupation | Student | 37 (74%) |
Self – Employed | 13 (26%) | |
Level of Education | Primary | 2 (4%) |
Secondary | 43 (86%) | |
Tertiary | 5 (10%) | |
Level of Income (Per Day) | 1,000 – 1,900 | 14 (28%) |
2,000 – 2,900 | 14 (28%) | |
3,000 – 3,900 | 11 (22%) | |
4,000 and above | 11 (22%) |