Sexual transmitted disease and its prevention: Indian overview
Keywords:
Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV, Syndromic Management, Venereal DiseaseAbstract
Sexually transmitted Diseases (STDs) are a major public health problem for both developing and developed countries. In developing countries STDs are ranked among the top five diseases for which adults seek health care services. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), also known as Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) or Venereal Disease (VD) is transmitted between human through sexual contacts, including vaginal, anal and oral sex but can also be spread through nonsexual means such as via blood or blood products or from mother to their child during pregnancy or child birth. STIs gained importance not only because of their severe complications but also because they increase the risk for transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). STIs can be act as a proxy indicator for HIV infection level in populations where the HIV cannot be measured directly. There are more than 30 different pathogens associated with STIs out of which eight (syphilis, gonorrhoea, Chlamydia, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B, herpes simplex virus (HSV), HIV, and human papillomavirus (HPV) are linked with greatest incidence. Of these 8 infections, first four bacterial infections are curable and last four viral infections are incurable but can be reduced or modified.
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